Informatics Publishing Limited

P. S. Patil ¹, S. R. Kumbhoje ¹, S. S. Patil ¹

Affiliations
1 Ashokrao Mane College of Pharmacy, Peth-Vadgaon, Tal-Hatkanangle, Dist Kolhapur-416112, IN

Abstract

Pharmaceutical pollution doesn't seem to be harming humans yet, but disturbing clues from aquatic life suggest now is the time for preventive action. Generally water system are monitored for nearly 80 harmful substances and prohibited nastiest include bacteria, viruses, strong acids, pesticides, and some metals. Waste pharmaceuticals include a wide variety of items, including over-the-counter and prescription medications. The main way drug residues enter water systems is by people taking medicines and then naturally passing them through their bodies. These wastes come in the form of solid pills and capsules, creams, liquids and aerosols. Many pharmaceuticals intended for pets are similar or identical to those prescribed to humans and should be treated exactly the same metals. Sources of Pharmaceutical waste included health care institute, Agriculture, Flushing medications down to the toilets etc. These entities are affected by environment and by human beings. In human exposure to pharmaceutical and personal care product from environmental complex function of factors including concentration, types, pharmacokinetic of each drugs etc. Environmental effect on feminising effect on male fish and alter female-to mal ratio. When the pharmaceutical and personal care product (PPCPs) are active at very low concentrations and released continuously in large or widespread quantities Then Disposal of unused or unwanted pharmaceuticals is an emerging and complex environmental issue. The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency is working with various stakeholders to find convenient and environmentally responsible ways for residents to manage waste pharmaceuticals. Dispose to pharmaceutical waste by do not flush your medicines down the toilet or down the drain. And dispose to potentially dangerous medications.

Keywords

Pharmaceutical Waste Management, Pollution, Expired Drugs.

Full Text

     

Prajakta Patil ¹, Shital Patil ¹, S. R. Kumbhoje ¹, S. S. Patil ¹

Affiliations
1 Ashokrao Mane College of Pharmacy, Peth Vadgaon, Tal. Hatkananagale, Dist. Kolhapur, IN

Abstract

The article contains general information about tuberculosis. Generally TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB is classified into two types,

1] MDR-TB- Multi drug resistant

2] XDR-TB- Extended drug resistant

For the treatment of TB two types of drugs generally used

1] First line drugs

2] Second line drugs

The standard treatment is recommended by WHO [World Health Organization] i.e. DOT DOT is [DIRECTLY OBSERVED TREATMENT] it have several benefit but also it fails in India because of Some factors like incorrect prescription of drug, resistance to first line- second line drugs etc. To improve the failures of DOT new strategies are developed i.e. NTP and RNTCP programs. These programs was started by Government of India in 1993.

Keywords

TB, MDR-TB, XDR-TB, DOTS.

Full Text

     

M. S. Teli ¹, S. S. Sawant ¹, S. R. Kumbhoje ¹, A. S. Ravetkar ¹, M. S. Kondawar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Appasaheb Birnale College of Pharmacy, Sangli (M.S.), IN

Abstract

Mefenamic acid is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities. A simple, rapid and specific method for analysis of mefenamic acid in bulk and tablet dosage form by a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography is described. The mefenamic acid peak was developed on a C8 column by a mobile phase of acetonitrile: water. Mefenamic acid and internal standard (IS) diclofenac sodium were eluted at 3.133 and 2.750 min, respectively. The limit of quantitation and limit of detection of mefenamic acid in tablet was 0.9508 μg/ml and 0.3137 μg/ml at 288 nm. The method was linear over the range of 10-90 μg/ml with r² of 0.99965.

Keywords

Mefenamic Acid, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Limit of Quantification, Limit of Detection.

Full Text

     

S. R. Kumbhoje ¹, S. B. Sonone ¹, N. S. Naikwade ¹, A. S. Ravetkar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Appasaheb Birnale College of Pharmacy, Sangli (M.S.), IN

Abstract

An important source of global pollution is the chemicals manufacturing industry. Many of the steps involved in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals are based on reactions and reactants developed many decades ago when environmental concerns were absent. A large number of these reactions are based on the use of stoichiometric amounts of reagents producing most of the hazardous byproducts. Dimethyl carbonate is a unique molecule with versatile chemical reactivity. Dimethyl carbonate and other dialkyl carbonates offer powerful perspectives for the development of alkylation/carboxyalkylation methods in the pharmaceutical synthesis. It is an environmentally benign building block because of its cheap commercial availability and high ecological safety profile; it possesses interesting solvating properties, low toxicity, and is highly biodegradable.

Keywords

Dimethyl Carbonate, Environmentally Benign Reagent, Biodegradable, Carbonate.

Full Text